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Franz Karl Achard
German chemist (1753–1821)
Franz Karl Achard (28 April 1753 – 20 April 1821) was a German (Prussian) chemist, geoscientist, physicist, and biologist. His principal discovery was the production of sugar from sugar beets.[1][2]
Life and work
[edit]Achard was born in Berlin, the son of preacher Max Guillaume Achard, a descendant of Huguenot refugees, and his wife Marguerite Elisabeth (Rouppert). He studied physics and chemistry in Berlin. He became interested in sugar refining through his stepfather. At the age of 20, Achard entered the "Circle of Friends of Natural Sciences" and met Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, then director of the physical classes at the Royal Academy of Sciences. Achard studied many subjects, including meteorology, evaporation chillness, electricity, telegraphy, gravity, lightning arresters, and published in German and French.
Achard was a favourite of King Frederick II of Prussia, and directly reported to the King on
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April 20 marks the passing of Franz Karl Achard. Archard was a French natural philosopher who discovered how to get sugar from beets on an industrial scale.
Napoleon’s defeat in Egypt caused the British navy to embargo cargo from reaching French ports. Any cargo ship which challenged this found their ship and cargo confiscated by the Royal Navy. This prevented cane sugar from the West Indies from reaching Europe. Smugglers charged extremely high prices for running the blockade and sugar became a luxury item only the wealthy could afford.
In 1747, German chemist Andreas Marggraf, discovered some beets contain sugar and a devised a method to extract it. His method involved soaking the beets in alcohol to extract their sugar. Eventually, one of his students took up the project. Franz Achard continued the work by checking the sugar content of various strains of beets and other methods to extract the sugar. He eventually claimed he could produce beet sugar crystals at a